一 cause of disease pathology
    Head injury occur in accident, natural disaster, transportation, building, mining and so on. Mainly the forehead hit object or be hitted, including each kind of sharp or passive object, causes the forehead skin, the muscle, the skull and the brain organization receives pricks, cuts, hit, shakes, pulls as the physical effect, causes the brain organization bruise, hemorrhage, swelling as well as pathological change and fractured skull. Because forehead blood vessel are rich, the brain organization is the vital centre, the quality of material crisp soft, also is restricted in the relative skull cavity, therefore the disease incidence rate of brain skull Trauma is high, gets sick desperate, the state of an injury changes quickly, bleeds ominous, needs the acute disease surgery , having the nursing arduous duty, and existences compound wound in other parts of the body.

    二 clinical manifestation

    1. Consciousness barrier
    Because the injured serious degree is different, there are many kinds of performance. It can be divided form light to heavy:
    (1) addicted to rests: Can awaken, may reluctantly coordinate to inspect and to answer the question, the slow reaction, goes to sleep after stop stimulating ; (2) dim: a stronger pain and language stimulating only can awakens, only can do some simple, fuzzy and incorrect reply; (3) shallow stupor: Realizes slowly, the non- language response, have evade movement when strong pain stimulation occur. (4) stupor: Consciousness loses, slow action to the strong pain stimulation. The shallow reflection vanishes, the deep reflection drops or vanishes, the corneal reflex and swallows reflection possibly exist, common incontinence of urine; (5) deep stupor: no response to the stimulation outside, each kind of reflection vanishes.

    2. The headache, vomits
    partial injuring take ache. But the forehead continues be painful, accompany with disgust and vomit.

    3. The life body drafts the change
    The body temperature, breath ,pulse and the blood pressure may show the damage degree of skull. There is normal or slightly changes in the body , that means the light injury ,the condition is steady; the body changes comparatively mostly, means seriously injured condition , need urgent processing, such as the blood pressure elevates, the arteries differential pressure enlarges, the heart rate slow or exceptionally speeds up, breathes deep slow and the rhythm is not neat and so on.

    4. Eye characteristic
    Because brain skull patients are stupor, observing the pupil, the eyeball movement and the eye ground changes may objectively understand the condition. Pupil: The normal person diameter is 3-4mm, the young child slightly big, same circle double side, if the pupil becomes large, the light response vanishes accompanying conscious barrier mean serious condition. Normal eyeball have position symmetrical, have nimble movement both side, if stare fixed or see dispersedly , that means the skull suffer injury. if discover eye ground dropsy or hemorrhage , means high pressure or injured eyeball in skull.

    5 nervous system and body characteristic
    After injuring of skull, some symptom occur: willful movement, words or spiritual activity is unusual; lost words , cannot writing; The memorize and the calculate ability are bad; body is numb, the body paralysis or the hemi paralysis, myo- tensity is out of balance; urine collapses, high fever, the digestive tract hemorrhage; The whole body is straight; can’t swallow, sound hoarse, the argument is crooked and so on.

    三 inspection diagnosis
    For the patient has injured experience ,the whole body and nervous system appears performance above in physical examination . diagnosis of brain skull Trauma is easier to be established. But the different state of injury has the different treatment plan, still had to assist the method with the aid of below to carry on the careful analysis judge.

    1.X screen: Judge of bone fracture, skull seam separation, skull attain air, foreign matter in skull.

    2.CT scanning: The extremely important method, may demonstrate blood dropsy, bruise, the dropsy existence and the scope, bone fracture and so on, necessarily may scan dynamic for some times, traces the condition changes.

    3.MRI: Although extremely little uses in the acute time, but when the skull nest pathological change is not good and the CT demonstration needs to consider the application. The soft tissue structure appearance surpasses CT , may use after the condition is stable and the injured scope estimates

    4. Lumbar vertebra puncture: May determine the cerebrospinal fluid pressure and assay brain liquid. Skull damages and retina cavity hemorrhage ,may through the waist by releasing bloody brain liquid , simultaneously it is also one important treatment method.

    5.Cerebral blood vessel shadow :Already less used in diagnosis with the brain skull, but when doubt there is pathological blood vessel changes, using this method for checking.Having no CT machine, can make sure the swollen existence of blood according to the afferent appearance.

    6.Other check means: wave, electroencephalogram, the radio nucleus imaging has no meaning, seldom used for the diagnosis of the brain skull harm directly.

    四 treatment principle
    Should observe the condition variety for light brain skull hurt sufferer, and can stay for viewing in the emergency room, carrying on head's skin hurt puring, sew up etc., handling the brain skulland CT check the disease when it's necessary.The medium-sized brain skull harm should stay in the hospital for the treatment, working well the surgical operation preparation to combine to the surgical operation treatment at any time.A brain skull hurt badly,have as early as possible surgical operation or adopt the valid medicine treatment method, rescue the brain

    The treatment of brain skull hurt can be divided into three stages:Impatient period(a week behind harm), transition period( 1-2 weeks behind harm), recover from illness the period.(3 weeks later).The initial purpose of cure is to rescue the patient of life, and pass the emergency surgical operation and appropriate medicine treatment early, ease and avoid hurt of brain skull, raise the existence quantity

    for the original brain hurt,mainly handle the disease, the prevention complications, but the existing medical treatment measure can't change the original harm also.The transition period mainly notice whether appear the new condition variety, handle in time, and start recover treatment from illness. recover from illness period is mainly the treatment of complications and left symptom.

    Generally, the treatment of brain skull trauma include: clear the surgical operation blood swollen, decompression, pure create etc., dehydrate treatment, apply hormone, second low temperature treatment, nerve protection and the nerve nourishment treatment, anti- infection, the whole body nourishment support, physics treatment, recover from illness exercise, the anti- epilepsy, the skull bone repair etc.